Mach software has evolved to be the best available PC CNC software on the market. Not only is it extremely affordable to industry, and the hobbyist, it is pioneering in its features, and continuing development.
Converts a standard PC to a fully featured CNC controller suitable for controlling the following: Lathe ,Mill, Plasma Cutter, Router, Engravers etc.
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Example (sample) of the G-code for milling a rectangle using CNC Milling Machines. This simple example illustrates the how to mill a simple rectangle. G00 Z0.5 (raise the tool to the clearance height). In The ZIP contains the posts, documentation, and two g-code examples showing you the output. I am also attaching the FeatureCam configuration file. Download from: FeatureCam-12 Mill&Turn Posts.zip. Mastercam9 Mill Postprocessor for Mach3 (and Mach2). If you are using MC - YOU NEED THIS!
For Mach3 Mill G code read Mach3 Mill G Code List
Mach3 Main Features
- Up to 6 axis CNC control
- Allows direct import of DXF BMP JPG and HPGL.
- Visual G-Code display
- Generates G-code
- Includes multiple wizards
- Video display of machine
- Touch screen ability
Below is the full List of G-Code for Mach3 Turn
Mach3 G Code Examples Trigonometric Function
Mach3 Turn
Mach3 Turn G-Code List
G00 Rapid positioning
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 Clockwise circular/helical interpolation
G03 Counterclockwise circular/Helical interpolation
G04 Dwell
G10 Coordinate system origin setting
G15/G16 Polar Coordinate moves in G0 and G1
G17 XY Plane select
G18 XZ plane select
G19 YZ plane select
G20 Inch unit
G21 Millimetre unit
G28 Return home
G28.1 Reference axes
G30 Return home
G32 Threading
G40 Cancel nose radius compensation
G41/G42 Start nose radius compensation left/right
G50 Reset all scale factors to 1.0
G51 Set axis data input scale factors
G52 Temporary coordinate system offsets
G53 Move in absolute machine coordinate system
G54 Use fixture offset 1
G55 Use fixture offset 2
G56 Use fixture offset 3
G57 Use fixture offset 4
G58 Use fixture offset 5
G59 Use fixture offset 6 / use general fixture number
G61/G64 Exact stop/Constant Velocity mode
G76 Canned cycle – screw cutting
G77 Canned cycle
G78
G80 Cancel motion mode (including canned cycles)
G81 Canned cycle – drilling
G82 Canned cycle – drilling with dwell
G83 Canned cycle – peck drilling
G90 Absolute distance mode
G91 Incremental distance mode
G92 Offset coordinates and set parameters
G92.x Cancel G92 etc.
G94 Feed per minute mode
G95 Feed per rev mode
G98 Initial level return after canned cycles
G99 R-point level return after canned cycles
A relocation of the positions of linear axes into curved tool motions is known as circular interpolation. It’s alternative definition is that the commands of circular interpolation are utilized to implement the tool’s motion along a circular arc to the pre-set end position. In short, it is the circular movement of the tool, which could be a complete circular motion or less than that.
Circular interpolation needs 5 components or pieces of details, namely: a center, a feed rate, a radius, an endpoint, and a direction of the tool movement.
However, in this article, we will deal with the two methods that relate to G02 and G03 G codes.
What is Circular Interpolation in CNC programming ?
As we read above, circular interpolation is the movement of the machine tool along a curved arc. Apart from the fair and exotic capability to follow a “NURBS” path, almost every G code controller supports only 2 types of motions: linear and circular motions.
Circular interpolation is comparatively more demanding on CNC machines as 2 axes have to be coordinated with high precision and accuracy. Making the outline of a complete circle not only includes the coordinated motion, but also the direction of reversal of the points of all the 4 quadrants. The degrees to which the machine motion will take place correspond to 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Therefore, if the machine experiences a backlash ever, then it will be definitely at the reversal of those angles as an error will be there in the cut there.
Circular motion is the mode of the CNC machine which is initiated through G02 and G03 codes. It is similar to linear motion, which is started by using G00 and G01 codes.
G02 code is responsible for commanding the machine to move in clockwise circular arcs. G03 initiates a mode which moves the machine in a counterclockwise circular arc.
What are G02 and G03?
G02 and G03 are the two G codes which are applied in the CNC machine programming to instruct what movements shall the machine implement. These two program codes turn the machine along a curved or circular arc, in contrast to G00 as well as G01 (which move the machine tool in a rectilinear motion), respectively.
G02 executes circular motion of the machine, but in a clockwise arc. Whereas, G03 moves the machine tool along a reverse arc (i.e., in anticlockwise direction).
In order to utilize the above mentioned G codes for circular interpolation, you must set the coordinates following which the CNC machine will operate.
The radius of the arc or the offsets to the arc’s centre and the extra turns that the machine will optionally make during the motion of the tool. These movements’ speed is also termed by the F-word meaning feed rate.
How to Use R Method and I, J, K Method for Circular Interpolation ?
G02 G code indicates clockwise arc movement at feed rate.
G03 G code implies movement of the arc in the anticlockwise direction at feed rate.
The clockwise direction is figured out by observing the arc to the arc plane from the positive portion of a vector normal.
Similar to the G01 code, G02 and G03 alsi need a feed rate (F) and distance (or destination coordinates (like X, Y, and/or Z). If the feed rate is commanded earlier in the program, then it will continue to serve as the default value to the current feed rate. For complete circles, all the three coordinates– X, Y and Z could be removed (check out the I, J, K Method given below for clearer understanding).
The arc must be aligned with a plane as defined by the 2 axes of the CNC machine motion. The plane should be enabled in the header of the program by G7, G18, G19.
There are 2 types of ways or methods to program G02 or G03 code for circular interpolation:
1. I, J, K Method
This is the only method that can be used to program a complete circle. It can be used any time the R method could be used, but it is a little more complicated.
Any two of I, J, and K will be utilized. The selection of any two amongst these three will be based on the type of arc plane that is selected (see below: G7, G18, G19).
If the arc plane chosen is:
G17 – utilize I and J
G18 – utilize I and K
G19 – utilize J and K
The arguments– I, J and K indicate the respective distances between the arc’s starting point to the arc’s center point. Notice the arc’s starting point is neither included in the G02 nor the G03 command. The start point of the arc is figured out by the cutter’s location while the command is executed. Plus, the center point of the arc is never directly mentioned in the command. In case the geometry of the circle is not possible (to within 0.0001), then it is usually followed by a glitch.
Example 1: I, J, K Method
Suppose that machine is presently set at X0.0 Y0.0, and G90 and G17 codes are permitted in the header.
G01 Y1.0 F8.0;
G02 X1.2803 Y1.5303 I.750;
Will produce the following toolpath. Notice the value for J (the distance in the Y axis) would be zero, it can be omitted:
Note: The i’s value is set to 0.75 because it indicates the distance from the starting point of the arc, and not because it’s the distance from Y-axis.
Example 2: I, J, K Method
In order to develop a programming for a full circle, the ending point is removed from the G02 code. Also, suppose that the machine is presently set at X0.0 Y0.0, and G90 and G17 G codes are set up in the header:
G01 Y1.0 F8.0;
G02 I.750;
2. R Method
The R Method could be only utilized for arcs that are not more 360 degrees. For your information, the letter R is used to address and specify the arc’s radius.
Example 1: R Method
Suppose the CNC machine is presently set at the following coordinates X0.0 Y0.0, and G17 and G90 are implemented in the header.
G01 Y1.0 F8.0;
See Full List On Helmancnc.com
G02 X1.2803 Y1.5303 R.750;
Example 2: R Method
Note that other than the arc mentioned in the above instance, there is another arc which too satisfies the same criteria. This arc has the same radius but a longer arc length. The arc too has the same start and end points as the one in the previous example.
In case you want to utilize the arc with longer length, you should use a -R value (as -R address doesn’t have a solid meaning).
G01 Y1.0 F8.0;
G02 X1.2803 Y1.5303 R-0.750;
Conclusion
Well, that’s all about G02 and G03 G codes and their application in circular interpolation in CNC programming. If you are new to this topic of CNC, then hopefully this article will help you to get sufficient knowledge of G code programming for circular interpolation.